1 Study Coverage
1.1 MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Product Introduction
1.2 Market by Type
1.2.1 Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Market Size by Type, 2017 VS 2021 VS 2028
1.2.2 MDI-based Polyurethane
1.2.3 TDI-based Polyurethane
1.3 Market by Application
1.3.1 Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Market Size by Application, 2017 VS 2021 VS 2028
1.3.2 Furniture & Interiors
1.3.3 Construction
1.3.4 Electronics & Appliances
1.3.5 Automotive
1.3.6 Others
1.4 Study Objectives
1.5 Years Considered
2 Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Production
2.1 Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Production Capacity (2017-2028)
2.2 Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Production by Region: 2017 VS 2021 VS 2028
2.3 Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Production by Region
2.3.1 Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Historic Production by Region (2017-2022)
2.3.2 Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Forecasted Production by Region (2023-2028)
2.4 North America
2.5 Europe
2.6 China
2.7 Japan
3 Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales in Volume & Value Estimates and Forecasts
3.1 Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales Estimates and Forecasts 2017-2028
3.2 Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue Estimates and Forecasts 2017-2028
3.3 Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue by Region: 2017 VS 2021 VS 2028
3.4 Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales by Region
3.4.1 Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales by Region (2017-2022)
3.4.2 Global Sales MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane by Region (2023-2028)
3.5 Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue by Region
3.5.1 Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue by Region (2017-2022)
3.5.2 Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue by Region (2023-2028)
3.6 North America
3.7 Europe
3.8 Asia-Pacific
3.9 Latin America
3.10 Middle East & Africa
4 Competition by Manufactures
4.1 Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Production Capacity by Manufacturers
4.2 Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales by Manufacturers
4.2.1 Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales by Manufacturers (2017-2022)
4.2.2 Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales Market Share by Manufacturers (2017-2022)
4.2.3 Global Top 10 and Top 5 Largest Manufacturers of MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane in 2021
4.3 Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue by Manufacturers
4.3.1 Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue by Manufacturers (2017-2022)
4.3.2 Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue Market Share by Manufacturers (2017-2022)
4.3.3 Global Top 10 and Top 5 Companies by MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue in 2021
4.4 Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales Price by Manufacturers
4.5 Analysis of Competitive Landscape
4.5.1 Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
4.5.2 Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3)
4.5.3 Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Manufacturers Geographical Distribution
4.6 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
5 Market Size by Type
5.1 Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales by Type
5.1.1 Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Historical Sales by Type (2017-2022)
5.1.2 Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Forecasted Sales by Type (2023-2028)
5.1.3 Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
5.2 Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue by Type
5.2.1 Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Historical Revenue by Type (2017-2022)
5.2.2 Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Forecasted Revenue by Type (2023-2028)
5.2.3 Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
5.3 Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Price by Type
5.3.1 Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Price by Type (2017-2022)
5.3.2 Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Price Forecast by Type (2023-2028)
6 Market Size by Application
6.1 Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales by Application
6.1.1 Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Historical Sales by Application (2017-2022)
6.1.2 Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Forecasted Sales by Application (2023-2028)
6.1.3 Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
6.2 Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue by Application
6.2.1 Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Historical Revenue by Application (2017-2022)
6.2.2 Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Forecasted Revenue by Application (2023-2028)
6.2.3 Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
6.3 Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Price by Application
6.3.1 Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Price by Application (2017-2022)
6.3.2 Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Price Forecast by Application (2023-2028)
7 North America
7.1 North America MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Market Size by Type
7.1.1 North America MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales by Type (2017-2028)
7.1.2 North America MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue by Type (2017-2028)
7.2 North America MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Market Size by Application
7.2.1 North America MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales by Application (2017-2028)
7.2.2 North America MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue by Application (2017-2028)
7.3 North America MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales by Country
7.3.1 North America MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales by Country (2017-2028)
7.3.2 North America MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue by Country (2017-2028)
7.3.3 U.S.
7.3.4 Canada
8 Europe
8.1 Europe MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Market Size by Type
8.1.1 Europe MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales by Type (2017-2028)
8.1.2 Europe MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue by Type (2017-2028)
8.2 Europe MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Market Size by Application
8.2.1 Europe MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales by Application (2017-2028)
8.2.2 Europe MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue by Application (2017-2028)
8.3 Europe MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales by Country
8.3.1 Europe MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales by Country (2017-2028)
8.3.2 Europe MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue by Country (2017-2028)
8.3.3 Germany
8.3.4 France
8.3.5 U.K.
8.3.6 Italy
8.3.7 Russia
9 Asia Pacific
9.1 Asia Pacific MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Market Size by Type
9.1.1 Asia Pacific MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales by Type (2017-2028)
9.1.2 Asia Pacific MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue by Type (2017-2028)
9.2 Asia Pacific MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Market Size by Application
9.2.1 Asia Pacific MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales by Application (2017-2028)
9.2.2 Asia Pacific MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue by Application (2017-2028)
9.3 Asia Pacific MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales by Region
9.3.1 Asia Pacific MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales by Region (2017-2028)
9.3.2 Asia Pacific MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue by Region (2017-2028)
9.3.3 China
9.3.4 Japan
9.3.5 South Korea
9.3.6 India
9.3.7 Australia
9.3.8 Taiwan
9.3.9 Indonesia
9.3.10 Thailand
9.3.11 Malaysia
9.3.12 Philippines
10 Latin America
10.1 Latin America MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Market Size by Type
10.1.1 Latin America MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales by Type (2017-2028)
10.1.2 Latin America MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue by Type (2017-2028)
10.2 Latin America MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Market Size by Application
10.2.1 Latin America MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales by Application (2017-2028)
10.2.2 Latin America MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue by Application (2017-2028)
10.3 Latin America MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales by Country
10.3.1 Latin America MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales by Country (2017-2028)
10.3.2 Latin America MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue by Country (2017-2028)
10.3.3 Mexico
10.3.4 Brazil
10.3.5 Argentina
11 Middle East and Africa
11.1 Middle East and Africa MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Market Size by Type
11.1.1 Middle East and Africa MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales by Type (2017-2028)
11.1.2 Middle East and Africa MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue by Type (2017-2028)
11.2 Middle East and Africa MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Market Size by Application
11.2.1 Middle East and Africa MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales by Application (2017-2028)
11.2.2 Middle East and Africa MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue by Application (2017-2028)
11.3 Middle East and Africa MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales by Country
11.3.1 Middle East and Africa MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales by Country (2017-2028)
11.3.2 Middle East and Africa MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue by Country (2017-2028)
11.3.3 Turkey
11.3.4 Saudi Arabia
11.3.5 U.A.E
12 Corporate Profiles
12.1 Covestro
12.1.1 Covestro Corporation Information
12.1.2 Covestro Overview
12.1.3 Covestro MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
12.1.4 Covestro MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
12.1.5 Covestro Recent Developments
12.2 BASF
12.2.1 BASF Corporation Information
12.2.2 BASF Overview
12.2.3 BASF MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
12.2.4 BASF MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
12.2.5 BASF Recent Developments
12.3 Dow Chemical
12.3.1 Dow Chemical Corporation Information
12.3.2 Dow Chemical Overview
12.3.3 Dow Chemical MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
12.3.4 Dow Chemical MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
12.3.5 Dow Chemical Recent Developments
12.4 Huntsman
12.4.1 Huntsman Corporation Information
12.4.2 Huntsman Overview
12.4.3 Huntsman MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
12.4.4 Huntsman MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
12.4.5 Huntsman Recent Developments
12.5 Tosoh
12.5.1 Tosoh Corporation Information
12.5.2 Tosoh Overview
12.5.3 Tosoh MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
12.5.4 Tosoh MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
12.5.5 Tosoh Recent Developments
12.6 LANXESS
12.6.1 LANXESS Corporation Information
12.6.2 LANXESS Overview
12.6.3 LANXESS MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
12.6.4 LANXESS MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
12.6.5 LANXESS Recent Developments
12.7 Mitsui Chemicals
12.7.1 Mitsui Chemicals Corporation Information
12.7.2 Mitsui Chemicals Overview
12.7.3 Mitsui Chemicals MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
12.7.4 Mitsui Chemicals MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
12.7.5 Mitsui Chemicals Recent Developments
12.8 Huafon
12.8.1 Huafon Corporation Information
12.8.2 Huafon Overview
12.8.3 Huafon MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
12.8.4 Huafon MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
12.8.5 Huafon Recent Developments
12.9 Wanhua Chemical
12.9.1 Wanhua Chemical Corporation Information
12.9.2 Wanhua Chemical Overview
12.9.3 Wanhua Chemical MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
12.9.4 Wanhua Chemical MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
12.9.5 Wanhua Chemical Recent Developments
12.10 Vencorex
12.10.1 Vencorex Corporation Information
12.10.2 Vencorex Overview
12.10.3 Vencorex MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
12.10.4 Vencorex MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
12.10.5 Vencorex Recent Developments
13 Industry Chain and Sales Channels Analysis
13.1 MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Industry Chain Analysis
13.2 MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Key Raw Materials
13.2.1 Key Raw Materials
13.2.2 Raw Materials Key Suppliers
13.3 MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Production Mode & Process
13.4 MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales and Marketing
13.4.1 MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales Channels
13.4.2 MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Distributors
13.5 MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Customers
14 Market Drivers, Opportunities, Challenges and Risks Factors Analysis
14.1 MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Industry Trends
14.2 MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Market Drivers
14.3 MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Market Challenges
14.4 MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Market Restraints
15 Key Finding in The Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Study
16 Appendix
16.1 Research Methodology
16.1.1 Methodology/Research Approach
16.1.2 Data Source
16.2 Author Details
16.3 Disclaimer
List of Tables
Table 1. Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Market Size Growth Rate by Type, 2017 VS 2021 VS 2028 (US$ Million)
Table 2. Major Manufacturers of MDI-based Polyurethane
Table 3. Major Manufacturers of TDI-based Polyurethane
Table 4. Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Market Size Growth Rate by Application, 2017 VS 2021 2028 (US$ Million)
Table 5. Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Production by Region: 2017 VS 2021 VS 2028 (K MT)
Table 6. Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Production by Region (2017-2022) & (K MT)
Table 7. Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Production Market Share by Region (2017-2022)
Table 8. Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Production by Region (2023-2028) & (K MT)
Table 9. Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Production Market Share by Region (2023-2028)
Table 10. Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue by Region: 2017 VS 2021 VS 2028 (US$ Million)
Table 11. Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales by Region (2017-2022) & (K MT)
Table 12. Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales Market Share by Region (2017-2022)
Table 13. Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales by Region (2023-2028) & (K MT)
Table 14. Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales Market Share by Region (2023-2028)
Table 15. Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue by Region (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 16. Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue Market Share by Region (2017-2022)
Table 17. Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue by Region (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 18. Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue Market Share by Region (2023-2028)
Table 19. Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Production Capacity by Manufacturers (2017-2022) & (K MT)
Table 20. Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Capacity Market Share by Manufacturers (2017-2022)
Table 21. Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales by Manufacturers (2017-2022) & (K MT)
Table 22. Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales Market Share by Manufacturers (2017-2022)
Table 23. Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue by Manufacturers (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 24. Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2017-2022)
Table 25. MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Price by Manufacturers 2017-2022 (USD/MT)
Table 26. Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table 27. Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane as of 2021)
Table 28. MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Manufacturing Base Distribution and Headquarters
Table 29. Manufacturers MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Product Offered
Table 30. Date of Manufacturers Enter into MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Market
Table 31. Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
Table 32. Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (K MT)
Table 33. Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales by Type (2023-2028) & (K MT)
Table 34. Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales Share by Type (2017-2022)
Table 35. Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales Share by Type (2023-2028)
Table 36. Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue by Type (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 37. Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue by Type (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 38. Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue Share by Type (2017-2022)
Table 39. Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue Share by Type (2023-2028)
Table 40. MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Price by Type (2017-2022) & (USD/MT)
Table 41. Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Price Forecast by Type (2023-2028) & (USD/MT)
Table 42. Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (K MT)
Table 43. Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales by Application (2023-2028) & (K MT)
Table 44. Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales Share by Application (2017-2022)
Table 45. Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales Share by Application (2023-2028)
Table 46. Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue by Application (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 47. Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue by Application (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 48. Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue Share by Application (2017-2022)
Table 49. Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue Share by Application (2023-2028)
Table 50. MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Price by Application (2017-2022) & (USD/MT)
Table 51. Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Price Forecast by Application (2023-2028) & (USD/MT)
Table 52. North America MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (K MT)
Table 53. North America MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales by Type (2023-2028) & (K MT)
Table 54. North America MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue by Type (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 55. North America MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue by Type (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 56. North America MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (K MT)
Table 57. North America MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales by Application (2023-2028) & (K MT)
Table 58. North America MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue by Application (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 59. North America MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue by Application (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 60. North America MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales by Country (2017-2022) & (K MT)
Table 61. North America MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales by Country (2023-2028) & (K MT)
Table 62. North America MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue by Country (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 63. North America MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue by Country (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 64. Europe MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (K MT)
Table 65. Europe MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales by Type (2023-2028) & (K MT)
Table 66. Europe MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue by Type (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 67. Europe MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue by Type (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 68. Europe MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (K MT)
Table 69. Europe MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales by Application (2023-2028) & (K MT)
Table 70. Europe MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue by Application (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 71. Europe MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue by Application (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 72. Europe MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales by Country (2017-2022) & (K MT)
Table 73. Europe MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales by Country (2023-2028) & (K MT)
Table 74. Europe MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue by Country (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 75. Europe MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue by Country (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 76. Asia Pacific MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (K MT)
Table 77. Asia Pacific MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales by Type (2023-2028) & (K MT)
Table 78. Asia Pacific MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue by Type (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 79. Asia Pacific MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue by Type (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 80. Asia Pacific MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (K MT)
Table 81. Asia Pacific MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales by Application (2023-2028) & (K MT)
Table 82. Asia Pacific MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue by Application (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 83. Asia Pacific MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue by Application (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 84. Asia Pacific MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales by Region (2017-2022) & (K MT)
Table 85. Asia Pacific MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales by Region (2023-2028) & (K MT)
Table 86. Asia Pacific MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue by Region (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 87. Asia Pacific MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue by Region (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 88. Latin America MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (K MT)
Table 89. Latin America MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales by Type (2023-2028) & (K MT)
Table 90. Latin America MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue by Type (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 91. Latin America MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue by Type (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 92. Latin America MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (K MT)
Table 93. Latin America MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales by Application (2023-2028) & (K MT)
Table 94. Latin America MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue by Application (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 95. Latin America MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue by Application (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 96. Latin America MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales by Country (2017-2022) & (K MT)
Table 97. Latin America MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales by Country (2023-2028) & (K MT)
Table 98. Latin America MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue by Country (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 99. Latin America MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue by Country (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 100. Middle East and Africa MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (K MT)
Table 101. Middle East and Africa MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales by Type (2023-2028) & (K MT)
Table 102. Middle East and Africa MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue by Type (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 103. Middle East and Africa MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue by Type (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 104. Middle East and Africa MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (K MT)
Table 105. Middle East and Africa MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales by Application (2023-2028) & (K MT)
Table 106. Middle East and Africa MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue by Application (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 107. Middle East and Africa MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue by Application (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 108. Middle East and Africa MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales by Country (2017-2022) & (K MT)
Table 109. Middle East and Africa MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales by Country (2023-2028) & (K MT)
Table 110. Middle East and Africa MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue by Country (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 111. Middle East and Africa MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue by Country (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 112. Covestro Corporation Information
Table 113. Covestro Description and Major Businesses
Table 114. Covestro MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales (K MT), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table 115. Covestro MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 116. Covestro Recent Development
Table 117. BASF Corporation Information
Table 118. BASF Description and Major Businesses
Table 119. BASF MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales (K MT), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table 120. BASF MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 121. BASF Recent Development
Table 122. Dow Chemical Corporation Information
Table 123. Dow Chemical Description and Major Businesses
Table 124. Dow Chemical MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales (K MT), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table 125. Dow Chemical MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 126. Dow Chemical Recent Development
Table 127. Huntsman Corporation Information
Table 128. Huntsman Description and Major Businesses
Table 129. Huntsman MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales (K MT), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table 130. Huntsman MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 131. Huntsman Recent Development
Table 132. Tosoh Corporation Information
Table 133. Tosoh Description and Major Businesses
Table 134. Tosoh MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales (K MT), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table 135. Tosoh MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 136. Tosoh Recent Development
Table 137. LANXESS Corporation Information
Table 138. LANXESS Description and Major Businesses
Table 139. LANXESS MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales (K MT), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table 140. LANXESS MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 141. LANXESS Recent Development
Table 142. Mitsui Chemicals Corporation Information
Table 143. Mitsui Chemicals Description and Major Businesses
Table 144. Mitsui Chemicals MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales (K MT), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table 145. Mitsui Chemicals MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 146. Mitsui Chemicals Recent Development
Table 147. Huafon Corporation Information
Table 148. Huafon Description and Major Businesses
Table 149. Huafon MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales (K MT), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table 150. Huafon MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 151. Huafon Recent Development
Table 152. Wanhua Chemical Corporation Information
Table 153. Wanhua Chemical Description and Major Businesses
Table 154. Wanhua Chemical MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales (K MT), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table 155. Wanhua Chemical MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 156. Wanhua Chemical Recent Development
Table 157. Vencorex Corporation Information
Table 158. Vencorex Description and Major Businesses
Table 159. Vencorex MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales (K MT), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table 160. Vencorex MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 161. Vencorex Recent Development
Table 162. Key Raw Materials Lists
Table 163. Raw Materials Key Suppliers Lists
Table 164. MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Distributors List
Table 165. MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Customers List
Table 166. MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Market Trends
Table 167. MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Market Drivers
Table 168. MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Market Challenges
Table 169. MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Market Restraints
Table 170. Research Programs/Design for This Report
Table 171. Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table 172. Key Data Information from Primary Sources
List of Figures
Figure 1. MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Product Picture
Figure 2. Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Market Share by Type in 2021 & 2028
Figure 3. MDI-based Polyurethane Product Picture
Figure 4. TDI-based Polyurethane Product Picture
Figure 5. Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Market Share by Application in 2021 & 2028
Figure 6. Furniture & Interiors
Figure 7. Construction
Figure 8. Electronics & Appliances
Figure 9. Automotive
Figure 10. Others
Figure 11. MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Report Years Considered
Figure 12. Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Capacity, Production and Utilization (2017-2028) & (K MT)
Figure 13. Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Production Market Share by Region in Percentage: 2021 Versus 2028
Figure 14. Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Production Market Share by Region (2017-2022)
Figure 15. Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Production Market Share by Region (2023-2028)
Figure 16. MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Production Growth Rate in North America (2017-2028) & (K MT)
Figure 17. MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Production Growth Rate in Europe (2017-2028) & (K MT)
Figure 18. MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Production Growth Rate in China (2017-2028) & (K MT)
Figure 19. MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Production Growth Rate in Japan (2017-2028) & (K MT)
Figure 20. Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales 2017-2028 (K MT)
Figure 21. Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue, (US$ Million), 2017 VS 2021 VS 2028
Figure 22. Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue 2017-2028 (US$ Million)
Figure 23. Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue Market Share by Region in Percentage: 2021 Versus 2028
Figure 24. Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales Market Share by Region (2017-2022)
Figure 25. Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales Market Share by Region (2023-2028)
Figure 26. North America MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales YoY (2017-2028) & (K MT)
Figure 27. North America MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue YoY (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 28. Europe MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales YoY (2017-2028) & (K MT)
Figure 29. Europe MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue YoY (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 30. Asia-Pacific MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales YoY (2017-2028) & (K MT)
Figure 31. Asia-Pacific MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue YoY (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 32. Latin America MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales YoY (2017-2028) & (K MT)
Figure 33. Latin America MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue YoY (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 34. Middle East & Africa MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales YoY (2017-2028) & (K MT)
Figure 35. Middle East & Africa MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue YoY (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 36. The MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Market Share of Top 10 and Top 5 Largest Manufacturers Around the World in 2021
Figure 37. The Top 5 and 10 Largest Manufacturers of MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane in the World: Market Share by MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue in 2021
Figure 38. MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3): 2017 VS 2021
Figure 39. Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 40. Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 41. Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 42. Global MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 43. North America MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 44. North America MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 45. North America MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 46. North America MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 47. North America MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 48. North America MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 49. U.S. MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 50. Canada MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 51. Europe MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 52. Europe MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 53. Europe MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 54. Europe MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 55. Europe MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 56. Europe MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 57. Germany MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 58. France MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 59. U.K. MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 60. Italy MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 61. Russia MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 62. Asia Pacific MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 63. Asia Pacific MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 64. Asia Pacific MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 65. Asia Pacific MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 66. Asia Pacific MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales Share by Region (2017-2028)
Figure 67. Asia Pacific MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue Share by Region (2017-2028)
Figure 68. China MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 69. Japan MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 70. South Korea MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 71. India MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 72. Australia MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 73. Taiwan MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 74. Indonesia MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 75. Thailand MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 76. Malaysia MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 77. Philippines MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 78. Latin America MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 79. Latin America MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 80. Latin America MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 81. Latin America MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 82. Latin America MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 83. Latin America MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 84. Mexico MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 85. Brazil MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 86. Argentina MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 87. Middle East and Africa MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 88. Middle East and Africa MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 89. Middle East and Africa MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 90. Middle East and Africa MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 91. Middle East and Africa MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Sales Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 92. Middle East and Africa MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 93. Turkey MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 94. Saudi Arabia MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 95. U.A.E MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Revenue (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 96. MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Value Chain
Figure 97. MDI-based Polyurethane and TDI-based Polyurethane Production Process
Figure 98. Channels of Distribution
Figure 99. Distributors Profiles
Figure 100. Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure 101. Data Triangulation
Figure 102. Key Executives Interviewed
